Security and Privacy in Internet of Things (IoT)

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) connects billions of smart devices that collect, exchange, and process data across homes, industries, healthcare, transportation, and smart cities. While IoT improves automation and operational efficiency, it also introduces significant security and privacy challenges due to resource-constrained devices, heterogeneous networks, and large-scale data collection. This paper examines the major security threats and privacy concerns in IoT ecosystems, discusses protection mechanisms and best practices, and highlights emerging trends for building secure and trustworthy IoT environments.